Blood medium (Blood) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The Blood medium (Blood) definition was obtained from Nantia Leonidou, one of the authors of the paper 'New workflow predicts drug targets against sars-cov-2 via metabolic changes in infected cells'\ :footcite:p:`Leonidou2023_blood` where the Blood medium composition from :numref:`blood_comp` was already used. .. list-table:: Blood composition :name: blood_comp :align: center :widths: 36 8 36 :header-rows: 1 :class: no-scrollbar-table * - name - flux - source * - (13Z)-13-Docosenoic acid [Erucic acid] - 0.007164 - Erucic acid * - (15Z)-Tetracosenoate [Nervonate] - 0.0260005 - Nervonic acid * - (20S)-20-Hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one [20alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone] - 2.91e-05 - 20a-Dihydroprogesterone * - (2E)-But-2-enedioate [Fumarate] - 0.0015 - Fumaric acid * - (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene [D-Limonene] - 0.00019 - D-Limonene * - (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoate [Cervonic acid] - 0.105618962173913 - Docosahexaenoic acid * - (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-Docosatetraenoate [Adrenic acid] - 0.00407275 - Adrenic acid * - (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate [(R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid] - 0.0533333333333333 - (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid * - (S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate [3-Methyl-2-Oxovaleric acid] - 0.02035 - 3-Methyl-2-Oxovaleric Acid * - 1-Methylnicotinamide - 0.00043 - 1-Methylnicotinamide * - 1-Methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid - 84.57 - Methylimidazoleacetic acid * - 2 Hydroxybutyrate [2-Hydroxybutyric acid] - 0.024225 - 2-Hydroxybutyric acid * - 2,3-Cyclic GMP [Cyclic GMP] - 5.5e-06 - Cyclic GMP * - 2-Methylcitrate [2-Methylcitric acid] - 7.95e-05 - 2-Methylcitric acid * - 2-Oxidopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate [Citrate] - 0.1089 - Citric acid * - 2-Oxoglutarate [Oxoglutaric acid] - 0.00795 - Oxoglutaric acid * - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 - 1.2475e-05 - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 * - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol [3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol] - 6e-06 - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol * - 3,5-Cyclic GMP [Cyclic GMP] - 5.5e-06 - Cyclic GMP * - 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate [4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid] - 0.00037 - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid * - 3-Hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnithine - 5e-06 - 3-Hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine * - 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate [alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid] - 11.0 - alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid * - 3-[(2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoate [Pantothenate] - 0.00269 - Pantothenic acid * - 4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol [Pyridoxine] - 2.5e-05 - Pyridoxine * - 4-(Azaniumylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium [Pyridoxamine] - 0.000164 - Pyridoxamine * - 4-Aminobutanoate [gamma-Aminobutyric acid] - 0.00011 - gamma-Aminobutyric acid * - 4-Formyl-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium [Pyridoxal] - 0.000251 - Pyridoxal * - 4-Hydroxydebrisoquin - 0.000217 - 4-Hydroxydebrisoquine * - 4-Hydroxyphenylacetate [p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid] - 0.0098814444444444 - p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid * - 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate [Ketoleucine] - 0.0265 - Ketoleucine * - 4-Pyridoxate - 20.95 - 4-Pyridoxic acid * - 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate [Tetrahydrofolic acid] - 2.5e-06 - Tetrahydrofolic acid * - 5-(1,2-Dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoate [Lipoate] - 7.7e-05 - (R)-lipoic acid * - 5-Adenylic acid [AMP] - 0.019075 - Adenosine monophosphate * - 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate - 2.5e-06 - Folinic acid * - 5-Guanylic acid [GMP] - 9.7e-06 - Guanosine monophosphate * - 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan - 1.8e-05 - 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan * - 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate [5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid] - 0.0003 - 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid * - 5-Oxoproline [Pyroglutamic acid] - 0.0195 - Pyroglutamic acid * - 5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate] - 0.0049 - Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate * - 5-Uridylic acid [UMP] - 184.0 - Uridine 5-monophosphate * - 5-beta-Dihydrotestosterone - 1.7175e-06 - Dihydrotestosterone * - 7,8-Dihydrofolate [Dihydrofolic acid] - 5e-06 - Dihydrofolic acid * - 9-cis-Retinol - 0.0024199295081967 - Vitamin A * - ADP - 0.16 - ADP * - ATP [Adenosine triphosphate] - 2.03133333333333 - Adenosine triphosphate * - Acetaldehyde - 1.0 - Acetaldehyde * - Acetate [Acetic acid] - 0.04206 - Acetic acid * - Acetoacetate [Acetoacetic acid] - 0.0248375 - Acetoacetic acid * - Acetone - 0.0537833333333333 - Acetone * - Adenine - 0.00047 - Adenine * - Adenosine - 0.0011670833333333 - Adenosine * - Ammonia - 27.0 - Ammonia * - Androsterone - 6.0325e-05 - Androsterone * - Androsterone 3-glucosiduronic acid - 0.000437075 - Androsterone glucuronide * - Anthranilate [2-Aminobenzoic acid] - 1.55e-05 - 2-Aminobenzoic acid * - Arachidic acid - 0.0072778 - Arachidic acid * - Arachidonate - 0.171059889655172 - Arachidonic acid * - Behenate [Docosanoate] - 0.010951 - Behenic acid * - Benzoate [Benzoic acid] - 0.020784625 - Benzoic acid * - Billirubin - 0.0078472857142857 - Bilirubin * - Biotin - 37.89 - Biotin * - Butyrate - 1.0 - Butyric acid * - Butyryl carnitine - 0.0001995 - Butyrylcarnitine * - CAMP [Cyclic AMP] - 8.5e-06 - Cyclic AMP * - CDP - 36.0 - CDP * - Calcidiol [25-Hydroxyvitamin D3] - 6.75785714285714e-05 - Calcidiol * - Calciol [Vitamin D3] - 4.10333333333333e-05 - Vitamin D3 * - Calcium(II) cation [Ca(2+)] - 2.102375 - Calcium * - Carbon dioxide [CO2] - 23.05 - Carbon dioxide * - Carbon monoxide - 72.0 - Carbon monoxide * - Hydrogencarbonate - 23.54 - Hydrogen carbonate * - Chenodeoxycholate [Chenodeoxycholic acid] - 0.001165 - Chenodeoxycholic acid * - Chloride [Cl(-)] - 100.85 - Chloride ion * - Cholate [Cholic acid] - 0.00072 - Cholic acid * - Choline - 0.00932 - Choline * - Cholesterol - 2.1793258125 - Cholesterol * - Corticosterone - 2.7e-05 - Corticosterone * - Cortisol - 0.0002554285714285 - Cortisol * - Creatine - 0.0464842857142857 - Creatine * - Cyanate - 4.5e-05 - Cyanate * - Cys Gly [Cysteinylglycine] - 0.0441666666666667 - Cysteinylglycine * - Cytidine - 0.000175 - Cytidine * - Cytosine - 0.0064 - Cytosine * - D-Alanine - 0.44675 - D-Alanine * - D-Fructose - 0.0395 - D-Fructose * - D-Galactose - 0.06365 - D-Galactose * - D-Lactate [D-Lactic acid] - 0.00913 - D-Lactic acid * - D-Mannose - 0.0515 - D-Mannose * - D-Ornithine - 61.0 - Ornithine * - D-Ribose - 0.0023 - D-Ribose * - D-Serine - 0.0025866666666666 - D-Serine * - D-Sorbitol [Sorbitol] - 0.007045 - Sorbitol * - D-Xylose - 2.4431 - D-Xylose * - Debrisoquine - 0.000149 - Debrisoquine * - Decanoate - 11.0 - Capric acid * - Decanoyl carnitine - 0.0002101666666666 - Decanoylcarnitine * - Dehydroascorbate [Dehydroascorbic acid] - 0.005772 - Dehydroascorbic acid * - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate - 0.0024675 - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate * - Deoxycholate [Deoxycholic acid] - 0.00045 - Deoxycholic acid * - Deoxycytidine - 0.0002 - Deoxycytidine * - Deoxyuridine - 0.000213 - Deoxyuridine * - Dihydroxyacetone phosphate - 0.0156 - Dihydroxyacetone phosphate * - Dioxygen [O2] - 6.36 - Oxygen * - Diphosphate [Pyrophosphate] - 0.0018 - Pyrophosphate * - Dodecanoate - 0.00582225 - Dodecanoic acid * - Dopamine 3-O-sulfate - 2.65e-05 - Dopamine 3-O-sulfate * - Ergocalciferol [Vitamin D2] - 2.75e-06 - Ergocalciferol * - Estrone 3-sulfate - 2.32833333333333e-06 - Estrone sulfate * - Ethanol - 0.0183333333333333 - Ethanol * - FMN [Flavin Mononucleotide] - 7.95e-06 - Flavin Mononucleotide * - Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized [FAD] - 6.8e-05 - FAD * - Formaldehyde - 0.0133 - Formaldehyde * - Formate [Formic acid] - 0.0868733333333333 - Formic acid * - GDP [Guanosine diphosphate] - 0.0165 - Guanosine diphosphate * - GTP [Guanosine triphosphate] - 56.0 - Guanosine triphosphate * - Globoside [*]_ - 0.0015 - Tetrahexosylceramide (d18:1/12:0) * - Glucosamine - 0.00029 - Glucosamine * - Glucuronate [D-Glucuronic acid] - 165.0 - D-Glucuronic acid * - Glycerol - 0.147266666666667 - Glycerol * - Glycerol 3-phosphate - 0.03 - Glycerol 3-phosphate * - Glycine - 0.241736363636364 - Glycine * - Glycine betaine [Betaine] - 0.04567 - Betaine * - Glycochenodeoxycholate - 6e-05 - Chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate * - Glycocholate - 6e-05 - Glycocholic acid * - Glycolithocolate [Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate] - 9e-06 - Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate * - Glycoursodeoxycholate [Glycoursodeoxycholic acid] - 0.00019 - Glycoursodeoxycholic acid * - Guanosine - 0.0008 - Guanosine * - Hexacosanoate - 0.00047 - Hexacosanoic acid * - Hexadecanoate [Palmitic acid] - 0.520931074074074 - Palmitic acid * - Hexadecenoate - 0.050230695 - Palmitoleic acid * - Hyaluronate beta1 - 5.3e-05 - Hyaluronic acid * - Hydrogen [H(+)] - 3.98107170553497e-05 - Protons * - Hydrogen peroxide - 0.0105 - Hydrogen peroxide * - Hydrogen sulfide - 0.0376 - Hydrogen sulfide * - Hypoxanthine - 0.0059921428571428 - Hypoxanthine * - IMP [Inosinic acid] - 63.0 - Inosinic acid * - Inosine - 0.00129 - Inosine * - Iron(II) cation [Fe(2+)] - 8922.0 - Fe2+ * - Isovaleryl carnitine - 0.000138 - Isovaleryl Carnitine * - L Arabinitol [L-Arabitol] - 2.0 - L-Arabitol * - L-Cystine - 0.10118 - L-Cystine * - L-3-Amino-isobutanoate [(S)-b-Aminoisobutyric acid] - 0.00103 - (S)-b-aminoisobutyric acid * - L-Alanine - 0.3847625 - L-Alanine * - L-Arabinose - 0.0025 - L-Arabinose * - L-Arginine - 0.09366625 - L-Arginine * - L-Ascorbate [Ascorbic acid] - 0.0361379 - Ascorbic acid * - L-Asparagine - 0.0473777777777778 - L-Asparagine * - L-Aspartate - 0.015232 - L-Aspartic acid * - L-Carnitine - 0.0354711111111111 - L-Carnitine * - L-Carnosine - 0.00327 - Carnosine * - L-Citrulline [Citrulline] - 0.0294222222222222 - Citrulline * - L-Cysteine - 0.120988333333333 - L-Cysteine * - L-Dopa [3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine] - 7.23e-06 - L-Dopa * - L-Glutamate - 0.057029 - L-Glutamic acid * - L-Glutamine - 0.564136363636364 - L-Glutamine * - L-Glycerate - 2.0 - L-Glyceric acid * - L-Histidine - 0.124895882352941 - L-Histidine * - L-Homoserine - 12.0 - L-Homoserine * - L-Isoleucine - 0.06335 - L-Isoleucine * - L-Lactate [L-Lactic acid] - 1.97934285714286 - L-Lactic acid * - L-Leucine - 0.13608 - L-Leucine * - L-Lysine - 0.191545454545455 - L-Lysine * - L-Malate [L-Malic acid] - 0.0076 - L-Malic acid * - L-Metanephrine - 1.6e-06 - Metanephrine * - L-Methionine - 0.486815384615385 - L-Methionine * - L-Ornithine - 61.0 - Ornithine * - L-Phenylalanine - 0.06845 - L-Phenylalanine * - L-Proline - 0.177728571428571 - L-Proline * - L-Serine - 0.124866666666667 - L-Serine * - L-Sorbitol [Sorbitol] - 0.007045 - Sorbitol * - L-Threonine - 0.140433333333333 - L-Threonine * - L-Thyroxine - 4.998375e-06 - Thyroxine * - L-Tryptophan - 0.05829 - L-Tryptophan * - L-Tyrosine - 0.0752272727272727 - L-Tyrosine * - L-Valine - 0.216933333333333 - L-Valine * - L-gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine [Glutathione] - 0.17101476 - Glutathione * - Linoleic acid - 0.637224432258065 - Linoleic acid * - Lithocholate [Lithocholic acid] - 0.00033 - Lithocholic acid * - Margarate [Heptadecanoate] - 0.266618 - Heptadecanoic acid * - Methanol - 0.163525 - Methanol * - Methylglyoxal [Pyruvaldehyde] - 0.055295 - Pyruvaldehyde * - Myo-inositol - 0.023525 - myo-Inositol * - N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid [Folate] - 2.33333333333333e-05 - Folic acid * - N2-phenylacetyl-L-glutaminate - 0.00334 - Alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine * - Niacinamide - 0.000235 - Niacinamide * - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD] - 0.0243 - NAD * - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADP] - 0.0196 - NADP * - Nitrite - 0.0242925 - Nitrite * - Norepinephrine - 2.8125e-06 - Norepinephrine * - Norepinephrine sulfate - 8e-06 - Norepinephrine sulfate * - Octadecanoate [Stearic acid] - 0.2860335535 - Stearic acid * - Octadecenoate [Oleic acid] - 0.29180212 - Oleic acid * - Octanoate [Caprylic acid] - 0.00525 - Caprylic acid * - Octanoyl carnitine [L-Octanoylcarnitine] - 0.0001801666666666 - L-Octanoylcarnitine * - Octenoyl carnitine - 0.0002 - 2-Octenoylcarnitine * - Oleate - 0.1 - Elaidic acid * - Orotate [Orotic acid] - 0.002945 - Orotic acid * - Oxalate - 0.01029 - Oxalic acid * - Oxidized glutathione - 0.010825 - Oxidized glutathione * - Pentadecanoate - 0.100780833333333 - Pentadecanoic acid * - Phosphate [PO4(3-)] - 0.73955 - Phosphate * - Phylloquinone [Vitamin K1] - 1.535 - Vitamin K1 * - Phytanate - 0.00301 - Phytanic acid * - Potassium(I) cation [K(+)] - 3.65714285714286 - Potassium * - Progesterone - 4.1172e-05 - Progesterone * - Propionate - 0.0009 - Propionic acid * - Putrescine - 0.000108 - Putrescine * - Pyridine-3-carboxylate [Niacin] - 0.05115 - Nicotinic acid * - Pyridoxal 5-phosphate - 2.86760888888889e-05 - Pyridoxal 5-phosphate * - Pyruvate [Pyruvic acid] - 0.0553125 - Pyruvic acid * - Retinoate [all-trans-Retinoic acid] - 0.00010725 - All-trans-retinoic acid * - Retinoyl glucuronide - 6.6e-06 - Retinoyl b-glucuronide * - Ribitol - 0.00046 - Ribitol * - Riboflavin - 0.000215 - Riboflavin * - Sarcosine - 0.0004666666666666 - Sarcosine * - Serotonin - 0.000654 - Serotonin * - Sodium(I) cation [Na(+)] - 137.533333333333 - Sodium * - Spermidine - 0.0047425 - Spermidine * - Spermine - 0.0033833333333333 - Spermine * - Sphinganine 1-phosphate - 5.5e-05 - Sphinganine 1-phosphate * - Sphingosine 1-phosphate - 0.000278 - Sphingosine 1-phosphate * - Succinate [Succinic acid] - 0.0136 - Succinic acid * - Sucrose - 0.0018 - Sucrose * - Sulfate [SO4(2-)] - 0.35275 - Sulfate * - Sulfite - 0.00123 - Sulfite * - Sulfoglycolithocholate - 6e-05 - Sulfolithocholylglycine * - Taurine - 0.0870909090909091 - Taurine * - Taurochenodeoxycholate [Taurochenodesoxycholic acid] - 0.0003 - Taurochenodesoxycholic acid * - Taurocholic acid - 0.00038 - Taurocholic acid * - Taurodeoxycholate [Taurodeoxycholic acid] - 6.2e-05 - Taurodeoxycholic acid * - Taurolithocholate [Lithocholyltaurine] - 0.001212 - Lithocholyltaurine * - Testosterone - 7.275 - Testosterone * - Tetracosanoate [Lignocerate] - 0.0059583333333333 - Tetracosanoic acid * - Tetradecanoate - 0.0226672857142857 - Myristic acid * - Thiamine - 8.86666666666667e-05 - Thiamine * - Thiocyanate - 0.03183 - Thiocyanate * - Thiosulfate - 0.05115 - Thiosulfate * - Thromboxane-b2 [Thromboxane B2] - 0.0001472121 - Thromboxane B2 * - Thymidine - 0.0001366666666666 - Thymidine * - UDP [Uridine 5-diphosphate] - 41.0 - Uridine 5-diphosphate * - UDPglucose [Uridine diphosphate glucose] - 155.0 - Uridine diphosphate glucose * - Ubiquinone-10 - 3.12e-06 - Ubiquinone-10 * - Uracil - 0.001135 - Uracil * - Urate - 0.2632195625 - Uric acid * - Urea - 4.72292 - Urea * - Uridine - 0.0091066666666666 - Uridine * - Ursodeoxycholate [Ursodeoxycholic acid] - 0.00016 - Ursodeoxycholic acid * - Water [H2O] - 55000.0 - Water * - Xanthurenic acid - 2.2e-05 - Xanthurenic acid * - Xylitol [D-Xylitol] - 0.000677 - D-Xylitol * - all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-Icosapentaenoate - 0.143446279130435 - Eicosapentaenoic acid * - all-cis-8,11,14,17-Icosatetraenoic acid [ETA] - 7e-06 - Cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetraenoic acid * - all-cis-Icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid [Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid] - 0.0466641666666667 - 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid * - all-cis-Octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid [Stearidonic acid] - 0.000212 - Stearidonic acid * - all-trans-Retinal [Retinal] - 0.000155 - Retinal * - all-trans-Retinol [Vitamin A] - 0.0024199295081967 - Vitamin A * - alpha-Linolenate - 0.0286517555555556 - Alpha-Linolenic acid * - alpha-Tocopherol - 0.0338456388235294 - Alpha-Tocopherol * - alpha-Tocotrienol - 0.00423 - Alpha-Tocotrienol * - beta-Alanine - 0.002635 - beta-Alanine * - beta-Carotene [b-Carotene] - 0.0382245952380952 - B-Carotene * - beta-Tocopherol - 0.0002 - Beta-tocopherol * - gamma-Linolenate - 0.01213 - Gamma-Linolenic acid * - trans-Vaccenic acid - 0.0986 - Vaccenic acid .. [*] Equality of both compounds Tetrahexosylceramide and Globoside was found through literature. See \ :footcite:t:`Mack1981_Synthesisofmyelin`, \ :footcite:t:`Musken2010_Applicationofthinlayer` and \ :footcite:t:`Detzner2020_ValidPresumptionof`. .. footbibliography::