Blood Medium (Blood)

The Blood Medium (Blood) definition was obtained from Nantia Leonidou, one of the authors of the paper ‘New workflow predicts drug targets against sars-cov-2 via metabolic changes in infected cells’[1] where the Blood medium composition from Table 1 was already used.

Table 1 Blood composition

BiGG ID	Compound name
akg	2-Oxoglutarate [Oxoglutaric acid]
acac	Acetoacetate [Acetoacetic acid]
adn	Adenosine
but	Butyrate [Butyric acid]
cit	Citrate [Citric acid]
fum	Fumarate [Fumeric acid]
gam	Glucosamine
glcur	Glucuronate [D-Glucuronic acid]
lac__D	D-Lactate [D-Lactic acid]
lac__L	L-Lactate [L-Lactic acid]
mal__L	L-Malate [L-Malic acid]
mal__D	D-Malate
inost	Myo-Inositol
nac	Nicotinate [Nicotinic acid]
nicnt	Nicotinate [Nicotinic acid]
pyr	Pyruvate [Pyruvic acid]
succ	Succinate [Succinic acid]
thm	Thiamin [Thiamine]
2hb	2 Hydroxybutyrate [2-Hydroxybutyric acid]
bhb	(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoate [(R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid]
duri	Deoxyuridine
dcyt	Deoxycytidine
4pyrdx	4-Pyridoxate [4-Pyridoxic acid]
3mob	3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoate [alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid]
4hphac	4-Hydroxyphenylacetate [p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid]
btn	Biotin
andrstrn	Andrstrn [Androsterone]
carn	L-Carnosine [Carnosine]
ade	Adenine
tchola	Taurocholic acid
ac	Acetate [Acetic acid]
glyb	Glycine betaine [Betaine]
ascb__L	L-Ascorbate [Ascorbic acid]
amp	AMP [Adenosine monophosphate]
nh3	Ammonia
bilirub	Billirubin
ala_B	beta-Alanine
camp	CAMP [Cyclic AMP]
crn	L-Carnitine
crtsl	Crtsl [Cortisol]
creat	Creatine
chsterol	Chsterol [Cholesterol]
cgly	Cys Gly [Cysteinylglycine]
cytd	Cytidine
chol	Choline
xyl__D	D-Xylose
etoh	Ethanol
4abut	4-Aminobutanoate [gamma-Aminobutyric acid]
fol	Folate [Folic acid]
gly	Glycine
gthrd	Reduced glutathione [Glutathione]
glyc3p	Glycerol 3-phosphate
glyc	Glycerol
gsn	Guanosine
gchola	Glycocholate [Glycocholic acid]
for	Formate [Formic acid]
gal	D-Galactose
glu__L	L-Glutamate [L-Glutamic acid]
hxan	Hypoxanthine
tyr__L	L-Tyrosine
phe__L	L-Phenylalanine
ala__L	L-Alanine
pro__L	L-Proline
thr__L	L-Threonine
asn__L	L-Asparagine
man	D-Mannose
ile__L	L-Isoleucine
imp	IMP [Inosinic acid]
his__L	L-Histidine
34dhphe	3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine [L-Dopa]
lys__L	L-Lysine
ser__L	L-Serine
asp__L	L-Aspartate [L-Aspartic acid]
cysi__L	L Cystine [L-Cystine]
cyst__L	L-Cystathionine [L-Cystine]
ins	Inosine
ocdcea	Octadecenoate [Oleic acid]
pnto__R	(R)-Pantothenate [Pantothenic acid]
orn	Ornithine
nrpphr	Norepinephrine
nadp	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADP]
hdca	Hexadecanoate [Palmitic acid]
orot	Orotate [Orotic acid]
tststerone	Tststerone [Testosterone]
ppa	Propionate [Propionic acid]
pydxn	Pyridoxine
so3	Sulfite
ribflv	Riboflavin
sbt__D	D-Sorbitol [Sorbitol]
sbt__L	L-Sorbitol [Sorbitol]
thyox__L	L-Thyroxine [Thyroxine]
ppi	Diphosphate [Pyrophosphate]
taur	Taurine
tsul	Thiosulfate
sucr	Sucrose
srtn	Serotonin
5oxpro	5-Oxoproline [Pyroglutamic acid]
sarcs	Sarcosine
thymd	Thymidine
sphs1p	Sphingosine 1-phosphate
prpp	5-Phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate [Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate]
rib__D	D-Ribose
udpg	UDPglucose [Uridine diphosphate glucose]
ump	UMP [Uridine 5’-monophosphate]
urate	Urate [Uric acid]
urea	Urea
udp	UDP [Uridine 5’-diphosphate]
uri	Uridine
ura	Uracil
retinol	All-trans-Retinol [Vitamin A]
retinol_9_cis	9-cis-retinol [Vitamin A]
34dhoxpeg	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol [3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol]
2mcit	2-Methylcitrate [2-Methylcitric acid]
ca2	Calcium
5htrp	5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan
octa	Octanoate [Caprylic acid]
3mop	(S)-3-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate [3-Methyl-2-Oxovaleric acid]
cl	Chloride [Chloride ion]
rbt	Ribitol
dca	Decanoate [Capric acid]
arg__L	L-Arginine
C02528	Chenodeoxycholate [Chenodeoxycholic acid]
atp	ATP [Adenosine triphosphate]
caro	Beta-Carotene [B-Carotene]
elaid	Elaidic acid
cys__L	L-Cysteine
k	Potassium
na1	Sodium
hco3	Bicarbonate [Hydrogen carbonate]
cholate	Cholate [Cholic acid]
dchac	Deoxycholate [Deoxycholic acid]
csn	Cytosine
dgchol	Chenodeoxyglycocholate [Chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate]
ddca	Dodecanoate [Dodecanoic acid]
gln__L	L-Glutamine
arab__L	L-Arabinose
c10crn	Decanoyl Carnitine [Decanoylcarnithine]
fru	D-Fructose
lnlc	Linoleic acid
leu__L	L-Leucine
ivcrn	Isovaleryl Carnitine
fe2	Fe2+
fe3	Iron (Fe3+)
4mop	4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate [Ketoleucine]
met__L	L-Methionine
HC02193	Glycolithocolate [Lithocholic acid glycine conjugate]
1mncam	1 Methylnicotinamide [1-Methylnicothinamide]
34hpp	3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate [4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid]
HC02196	Glycoursodeoxycholate [Glycoursodeoxycholic acid]
hom__L	L-Homoserine
HC02192	Taurolithocholate [Lithocholyltaurine]
HC02191	Lithocholate [Lithocholic acid]
c8crn	Octanoyl carnitine [L-Octanoylcarnitine]
phyt	Phytanic acid
ttdca	Tetradecanoate [Myristic acid]
ptdca	Pentadecanoate [Pentadecanoic acid]
ocdca	Octadecanoate [Stearic acid]
vitd3	Calciol; (+)-Vitamin D3 [Vitamin D3]
C02470	Xanthurenic acid
val__L	L-Valine
tdechola	Taurodeoxycholate [Taurodeoxycholic acid]
vitd2	Vitamin D2; Ergocalciferol
nad	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD]
citr__L	L-Citrulline [Citrulline]
trp__L	L-Tryptophan
docosac	Behenate, Docosanoate [Behenic acid]
HC02194	Ursodeoxycholate [Ursodeoxycholic acid]
tdchola	Taurochenodeoxycholate [Taurochenodesoxycholic acid]
acald	Acetaldehyde
dheas	Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
arachd	Arachidonic acid
dhf	7,8-Dihydrofolate [Dihydrofolic acid]
anth	Anthranilate [2-Aminobenzoic acid]
mthgxl	Methylglyoxal [Pyruvaldehyde]
gdp	GDP [Guanosine diphosphate]
fad	Flavin adenine dinucleotide oxidized [FAD]
sprm	Spermine
spmd	Spermidine
dhdascb	Dehydroascorbate [Dehydroascorbic acid]
gtp	GTP [Guanosine triphosphate]
ala__D	D-Alanine
23cgmp	2’,3’-Cyclic GMP [Cyclic GMP]
35cgmp	3’,5’-Cyclic GMP [Cyclic GMP]
adp	ADP
retinal	All-trans-Retinal [Retinal]
co	Carbon monoxide
o2	O2 [Oxygen]
sph1p	Sphinganine 1 phosphate [Sphinganine 1-phosphate]
lnlnca	Alpha-Linolenic acid
alpla	Alpha linolenic acid [Alpha-Linolenic acid]
5mthf	5-Methyltetrahydrofolate [5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid]
gmp	GMP [Guanosine monophosphate]
ncam	Niacinamide
ptrc	Putrescine
estrones	Estrone sulfate
fald	Formaldehyde
pi	Phosphate
pydam	Pyridoxamine
25hvitd2	25-Hydroxyvitamin D2
so4	Sulfate
lipt	Lipoate [(R)-lipoic acid]
lipoate	Lipoate [(R)-lipoic acid]
tcynt	Thiocyanate
thioc	Thiocyanate
dhap	Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
pydx5p	Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate
fmn	FMN [Flavin Mononucleotide]
pydx	Pyridoxal
cdp	CDP
crtstrn	Corticosterone
5fthf	5-Formyltetrahydrofolate [Folinic acid]
5fothf	5 Formyltetrahydrofolate [Folinic acid]
acetone	Acetone
prgstrn	Prgstrn [Progesterone]
thf	5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate [Tetrahydrofolic acid]
abt	L Arabinitol [L-Arabitol]
abt__L	L Arabinitol [L-Arabitol]
retn	Retinoate [All-trans-retinoic acid]
bz	Benzoate [Benzoic acid]
meoh	Methanol
avite1	Alpha-Tocopherol
co2	CO2 [Carbon dioxide]
tmndnc	Timnodonic acid [Eicosapentaenoic acid]
lgn	Lignoceric acid or tetracosanoicacid [Tetracosanoic acid]
lgnc	Lignoceric acid [Tetracosanoic acid]
q10	Ubiquinone-10
c4crn	Butyryl carnitine
ha	Hyaluronan [Hyaluronic acid]
nrpphrsf	Sulfate derivative of norepinephrine [Norepinephrine sulfate]
doco13ac	13Z)-13-docosenoic acid [Erucic acid]
cynt	Cyanate
h2o	H2O [Water]
3aib	L-3-Amino-isobutanoate [(S)-b-aminoisobutyric acid]
eicostet	Eicosatetranoic acid [Cis-8,11,14,17-Eicosatetranoic acid]
crvnc	Cervonic acid [Docosahexaenoic acid]
arach	Arachidic acid
adrn	Adrenic acid
hpdca	Heptadecanoate [Heptadecanoic acid]
oxa	Oxalate [Oxalic acid]
hexc	Hexacosanoate [Hexacosanoic acid]
nrvnc	Nervonic acid
HC02197	Sulfoglycolithocholate [Sulfolithocholylglycine]
no2	Nitrite
3mlda	3-Methylimidazoleacetic acid [Methylimidazoleacetic acid]
andrstrnglc	Androsterone glucuronide
xylt	Xylitol [D-Xylitol]
dlnlcg	Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid [8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid]
5adtststerone	5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone [Dihydrotestosterone]
aprgstrn	20alpha-Dihydroprogesterone [20a-Dihydroprogesterone]
lnlncg	Gamma-Linolenic acid
h2o2	Hydrogen peroxide
retnglc	Retinoyl glucuronide [Retinoyl b-glucuronide]
hdcea	Hexadecenoate [Palmitoleic acid]
vacc	Vaccenic acid
HC02180	Thromboxane-b2 [Thromboxane B2]
HC00250	Hydrosulfide [Hydrogen sulfide]
h2s	Hydrogen sulfide
gthox	Oxidized glutathione
limnen	Limnen (D-Limonene)
ser__D	D-Serine
25hvitd3	25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [Calcidiol]
phyQ	Phylloquinone (old identifier for [Vitamin K1])
phllqne	Phylloquinone [Vitamin K1]
mepi	Metanephrine
gbside_hs	Globoside (homo sapiens) [Tetrahexosylceramide (d18:1/12:0)] [*]
dopasf	Dopamine 3-O-Sulfate
avite2	Alpha-Tocotrienol
bvite	Beta-Tocopherol
pheacgln	Alpha-N-Phenylacetyl-L-glutamine
glyc__S	(S)-Glycerate [L-Glyceric acid]
4hdebrisoquine	4hdebrisoquine [4-Hydroxydebrisoquine]
debrisoquine	Debrisoquine
strdnc	Stearidonic acid
c81crn	Octenoyl Carnithine [2-Octenoylcarnithine]
3hexdcrn	3-Hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnithine
h	H+ [Protons]

[*]

Equality of both compounds Tetrahexosylceramide and Globoside was found through literature. See Mack and Szuchet[2], Müsken et al.[3] and Detzner et al.[4].

[1]

Nantia Leonidou, Alina Renz, Reihaneh Mostolizadeh, and Andreas Dräger. New workflow predicts drug targets against sars-cov-2 via metabolic changes in infected cells. PLOS Computational Biology, 19(3):1–32, 03 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010903, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010903.

[2]

Stephen R. Mack and Sara Szuchet. Synthesis of myelin glycosphingolipids by isolated oligodendrocytes in tissue culture. Brain Research, 214(1):180–185, 1981. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0006899381904510, doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90451-0.

[3]

Anne Müsken, Jamal Souady, Klaus Dreisewerd, Wenlan Zhang, Ute Distler, Jasna Peter-Katalinić, Halina Miller-Podraza, Helge Karch, and Johannes Müthing. Application of thin-layer chromatography/infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry to structural analysis of bacteria-binding glycosphingolipids selected by affinity detection. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, 24(7):1032–1038, 2010. Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t. arXiv:20213676, doi:10.1002/rcm.4480.

[4]

Johanna Detzner, Gottfried Pohlentz, and Johannes Müthing. Valid presumption of shiga toxin-mediated damage of developing erythrocytes in ehec-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Toxins, 12(6):373, 2020. URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/6/373, doi:10.3390/toxins12060373.